A new study recently published by researchers at the University of Lincoln in England found that dogs trained with electronic collars (e-collars) were more tense, yawned more often and engaged in less environmental interaction according to The Washington Post.

Electronic shock collars are currently banned in parts of the U.K. and Canada.

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E-Collar Study: The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars in Comparison to Reward Based Training
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0102722